Ko ngā ngongo waina e whakamahia ana mō te penapena me te kawe i ngā waina kua tākaihia, ko te nuinga he mea hanga ki te karāhe. Ehara i te mea he taputapu anake ēnei mō te pupuri waina, engari he wāhanga nui anō hoki o te ahurea me te hītori waina. Ko te āhua, te tae, me te hoahoa tapanga o te whare inu ehara i te mea e whakaata ana i te momo me te kounga o te waina, engari e awe ana hoki i ngā whakatau hoko a te kaihoko.

1. He aha ngā Rahi Paerewa o ngā Ngongo Waina Kawe?

▶50mlHe mea kitea noa i roto i ngā waina iti, i ngā pae inu iti o ngā hōtēra, me ngā ratonga inu waipiro i runga i ngā waka rererangi, he mea pai mō te whakamātautau me te inu i ngā rahinga iti.
▶100mlHe mea whakamahi noa mō ngā pounamu waipiro me ngā liqueur iti, he pai mō ngā haerenga poto me ngā huihuinga iti.
Ki te whakaritea ki ngā ngongo waina 50ml me te 100ml noa, tera anō ētahi rahi onge, pērā i te 200ml, 250ml, 375ml, me ētahi atu. Ko te hoahoa rahi o ēnei ngongo waina kawe ehara i te mea ko te ngāwari o te kawe anake, engari e tutuki ana hoki ngā hiahia inu o ngā huihuinga me ngā tāngata rerekē.

2. He aha ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā ngongo waina?

Ko te karāhe te rauemi e whakamahia ana mō te hanga paipa waina kawe, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā tae me ngā matotoru ki ngā momo waina rerekē.

I ētahi wā ka whakamahia te kirihou mō te kawe me te kawe noa i ngā mea, he mama, he kore e pakaru wawe, engari kāore i te pai mō te rokiroki mō te wā roa.

He mea noa te whakakī i te waipiro ki te konganuku, pērā i te waina, te pia rānei i roto i te kēne konumohe, he mama hoki, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā mahi o waho.

Kei reira anō ngā waina kua pouakahia ki roto i te pepa, he pai mō te taiao, he ngāwari hoki te kawe me te penapena.

3. He aha te take e whakamahia ai te karāhe hei rauemi mō te hanga ngongo waina?

Kāore ngā rauemi karāhe e pāngia e ngā tauhohenga matū me ngā matū waipiro, e pupuri ana i te reka parakore o te waina; Mēnā ka honoa ki tētahi taupoki hiri pai, ka taea te whakatutuki i te whāinga o te hiri pai, te ārai i te hāora kia uru ki roto i te ngongo waina, me te whakaroa i te wā rokiroki o te waina. He kaha te kirihou o te karāhe, ā, ka taea te hanga ki ngā āhua me ngā tae rerekē hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā waitohu me ngā momo waina rerekē. He ngāwari te whakaatu i te tae o te waina i te karāhe mārama, e āwhina ana i ngā kaihoko ki te aromatawai i te kounga o te waina. I taua wā anō, ko te taumaha me te kakano o ngā pounamu karāhe ka whakarei ake i te ahua papai o te hua whānui, ka whakanui ake i te wheako o te kaihoko. Hei whakamutunga, mō te taiao, ka taea te hangarua tonu i ngā rauemi karāhe, ka whakaiti i te parahanga ki te taiao.

I te nuinga o te wā, ko te karāhe te rauemi pai mō ngā ngongo me ngā pounamu waina. Ehara i te mea ka tiaki noa i te kounga o te waina, engari ka whakarato hoki i te pānga whakaaturanga pai me te ahua huatau, e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga taiao.

4. He aha ngā mōhiohio e tika ana kia whakaurua ki roto i te tapanga pounamu?

Tērā pea he rerekē ngā mōhiohio kei runga i te tapanga pounamu i ia whenua, i ia rohe, engari me whakauru ēnei mōhiohio ki roto.

Ngā Mōhiohio mō te Kaihanga: tae atu ki te ingoa me te wāhi noho o te kaihanga, kia mārama ai ngā kaihoko ki te pūtake o te waipiro.

Takenga maiMe whakaatu mārama te takenga mai o te waina, pērā i a Bordeaux, Wīwī, Tuscany, Itari, me ētahi atu, hei āwhina i ngā kaihoko ki te mārama ki te papamuri ā-whenua o te waina.

Te Ihirangi Waipiro: e whakaatuhia ana hei ōrau, e whakamōhio ana i ngā kaihoko ki te nui o te waipiro o ia pounamu waina.
Te nui o te waina: e tohu ana i te kaha o te waina i roto i te pounamu, pēnei i te 50ml, 100ml, me ētahi atu.

Karere WhakatūpatoI ētahi whenua (pērā i te Hononga o Amerika), me whakauru ngā mōhiohio whakatūpato hauora ki te tapanga, pērā i te kore inu waipiro a ngā wāhine hapu, te inu waipiro e pā ana ki te taraiwa, me ētahi atu.

Ngā mōhiohio kawemaiMena he waipiro kawemai, me whakauru hoki te ingoa me te wāhi noho o te kaikawemai.

Kanorau: E tohu ana i te momo karepe o te waina, pērā i a Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, me ētahi atu.

Te Kōrero mō te Whare Waina, te Waitohu Waina, te Whakataki rāneiWhakamōhiotia pototia te hītori me te rapunga whakaaro o te whare hanga waina hei whakarei ake i te kōrero pakiwaitara me te ataahua o te waitohu.

Tiwhikete me ngā TohuMena kua whiwhi tētahi waitohu waina i ētahi tohu (pēnei i te tohu rauropi), ka tohua ēnei ki te tapanga hei whakarei ake i te ingoa me te ataahua o te waina.

Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa ēnei mōhiohio i ngā kaihoko ki te mārama ake me te whiriwhiri i te waina, engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te mana me te ataahua o te waitohu.

5. He aha te huarahi pai hei penapena i ngā ngongo waina?

▶Āhua Pai rawa atu

Te pāmahanaMe rongoa te waina ki te pāmahana pumau hei karo i ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana. Ko te pāmahana rokiroki pai ko te 12-15 °C (tata ki te 54-59 °F). Ka taea e ngā pāmahana teitei te whakatere i te tukanga waikura o te waina, ka kino tōna reka me tōna kakara.

haumākūKo te haumākū tino pai ko te 60-70%. Mā te haumākū iti ka maroke rawa te kōkī kua hiritia, ka mimiti te kōkī, ka uru te hau ki roto i te pounamu; Mā te haumākū nui ka mākū, ka poke te taupoki o te pounamu.

Te Whakapuakitanga o te MāramaMe karo i te rā tika, nā te mea ka taea e ngā hihi ultraviolet te kino i ngā matū o te waina, ka heke te kounga o te waina. Me penapena ngā pounamu waina ki te wāhi pōuri. Mena e hiahiatia ana he rama, me whakamahi i te rama ngawari kia kore ai e pā tika ki te pounamu waina.

Te wiriMe waiho te ngongo waina kei roto te waina kia matara atu i te wiri, nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakaoho i te paru i roto i te waina. Ka pā ki te reka me te kounga o te waina. Me waiho te waina kia matara atu i ngā pūtake wiri, pērā i te hiko o te whare me ngā wiri o te huarahi.

▶Te Hiranga o te Aronga Whakatakoto o ngā Ngongo Waina

Ka taea te penapena whakapae i te nuinga o ngā ngongo waina kei roto te waipiro. Mēnā ka whakamahia he kōka hei hiri, ka taea e te penapena whakapae te pupuri i te hononga tonu i waenga i te kōka me te waipiro, te ārai i te maroke me te mimiti o te kōka, ā, ka mau tonu te hiri.

Ka taea te penapena poutū i ngā paipa waina me ngā taupoki porowhita nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia kia whakawhirinaki ki te waina hei pupuri i te hiri; Mena he rokiroki poto noa iho, ahakoa he puru kōka, he ngongo waina taupoki tīwiri rānei, ka taea te penapena poutū.

▶Ngā Whakaaro Rokiroki Kē Atu

Ka whakaratohia e ngā kāpata waina hou ngā āhuatanga rokiroki pāmahana, haumākū, me te pōuri tonu, he mea pai mō te penapena waina ki te kāinga; ki te taea e ngā āhuatanga, ko ngā whare waina tuku iho te wāhi pai rawa atu hei penapena waina, e whakarato ana i te pāmahana me te haumākū pumau me te taiao pōuri e tika ana.

Me waiho te waina kia matara atu i ngā mea he kakara kaha (pērā i ngā matū, i ngā mea horoi, me ētahi atu) kia kore ai e mimiti te waina i ēnei kakara, ā, kia kore ai e poke te waina.

Mā te whai i ēnei tikanga rokiroki tino pai, ka taea te whakarite kia mau tonu te āhua pai o te waina, kia kitea katoatia ai tōna reka me tōna kakara ki ngā kaihoko.

6. Te Hangarua me te Whakapūmau i ngā Ngongo Waina

▶ Te Tukanga Hangarua o ngā Ngongo Waina Karāhe

KohingaKa tīmata te kohikohinga o ngā pounamu waina karāhe mā te whakarōpū me te kohikohi i ngā para a ngā kaihoko, e mahia ana i roto i ngā ipu hangarua karāhe kua tohua. Kawea ngā pounamu karāhe hangarua ki te wāhi hangarua.

Te Horoi me te WhakarōpūKa horoia e te whare hangarua ngā pounamu karāhe, ka tangohia ngā tapanga me ngā taupoki, ā, ka whakarōpūtia kia maha atu ngā tae (pēnei i te karāhe mārama, te karāhe parauri, te karāhe matomato).

Te kuru me te whakarewaKa pakaruhia ngā pounamu karāhe kua whakarōpūtia kia maramara karāhe, kātahi ka tukuna ki te oumu pāmahana teitei hei whakarewa.

Te hanga anōHei tautoko i ngā pounamu karāhe hou, i ētahi atu hua karāhe rānei me te karāhe rewa, kia uru atu ai ki te tukanga whakaputa me te whakamahi anō.

▶Ngā Painga Taiao me ngā Whakaaroaro Whaitake

Whakaitihia te Whakamahinga Rauemi me te Whakamahinga PūngaoMā te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i ngā ngongo waina karāhe ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā rauemi mata pērā i te onepu kuata, te konutai kāponāte, me te kōhatu kōhatu, ā, ka penapenahia ngā rauemi taiao.

Te Whakaiti i ngā Tukunga Hau Kākāriki me te Whakakī WhenuaNā te iti o te whakamahinga pūngao o ngā pounamu karāhe hangarua e hangaia ana e ngā kaihanga waka Hainamana, ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi, ā, ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i te huringa āhuarangi. I taua wā anō, ka whakaitihia te taumahatanga ki ngā whenua ururua mā te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i ngā hua karāhe, ka roa ake te ora o ngā whenua ururua, ā, ka whakaitihia te parahanga o te taiao.

Te Auau Whakamahi AnōAhakoa he nui te kaha o ngā hua karāhe ki te hangarua, he rerekē te auau hangarua tuturu i ia rohe. Ko te mea nui ko te whakanui ake i te mōhiotanga me te whai wāhi a te marea ki te hangarua.

Whakarōpūtanga TaeMe hangarua motuhake ngā karāhe rerekē te tae nā te mea he rerekē ngā ira rewa me ngā whakamahinga. He tino uaua te hangarua me te whakamahi i ngā karāhe whakauru tae.

Whakahaere ParahangaMe whakahaere te tukunga o ngā parahanga i te wā o te tukanga hangarua kia pai ai te taiao o te tukanga hangarua.

Mā te whai wāhi kaha ki te hangarua i ngā pounamu karāhe, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whai wāhi ki te tiaki taiao me te whakamahi rauemi pumau. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa te hangarua i ngā paipa waipiro ki te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao, engari ka penapena rauemi me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao, ā, ka whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te ōhanga porowhita.

▶ Ngā Painga Taiao me ngā Whakaaroaro Whaitake

WhakaitihiaRrauemi hikoCte kai me teEpūngaoCte kaiMā te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i ngā ngongo waina karāhe ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā rauemi mata pērā i te onepu kuata, te konutai kāponāte, me te kōhatu kōhatu, ā, ka penapenahia ngā rauemi taiao.

Te whakaitiGwhare rēniGas Engā misioni me ngāLme te whakakīNā te iti o te whakamahinga pūngao o ngā pounamu karāhe hangarua e hangaia ana e ngā kaihanga waka Hainamana, ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi, ā, ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i te huringa āhuarangi. I taua wā anō, ka whakaitihia te taumahatanga ki ngā whenua ururua mā te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i ngā hua karāhe, ka roa ake te ora o ngā whenua ururua, ā, ka whakaitihia te parahanga o te taiao.

Te hangaruaRkaiAhakoa he nui te kaha o ngā hua karāhe ki te hangarua, he rerekē te auau hangarua tuturu i ia rohe. Ko te mea nui ko te whakanui ake i te mōhiotanga me te whai wāhi a te marea ki te hangarua.

TaeCwhakarōpūtangaMe hangarua motuhake ngā karāhe rerekē te tae nā te mea he rerekē ngā ira rewa me ngā whakamahinga. He tino uaua te hangarua me te whakamahi i ngā karāhe whakauru tae.

ParahangaCwhakahaereMe whakahaere te tukunga o ngā parahanga i te wā o te tukanga hangarua kia pai ai te taiao o te tukanga hangarua.

Mā te whai wāhi kaha ki te hangarua i ngā pounamu karāhe, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whai wāhi ki te tiaki taiao me te whakamahi rauemi pumau. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa te hangarua i ngā paipa waipiro ki te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao, engari ka penapena rauemi me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao, ā, ka whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te ōhanga porowhita.

7. He huarahi kē atu hei whakakapi i ngā pounamu waina tuku iho hei oranga tonutanga?

▶ Ngā Kōwhiringa Tākai Taiao

Karāhe MāmāHe māmā ake tēnei momo karāhe i te karāhe tuku iho, ā, ka whakaitihia te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mata i te wā e hangaia ana, me ngā tukunga waro i te wā e kawe ana. Ahakoa e mau tonu ana te mārama me te ātete pai o te karāhe, ka whakaitihia hoki te pānga kino ki te taiao.

Waipiro PouakaHe pouaka takai waipiro i hangaia ki te kātene me te pepa konumohe, he mama, he ngāwari ki te kawe; I te wa ano, he iti te kaha e pau ana i te whakaputanga, ka taea te hangarua me te whakamahi anō, ā, he iti ake te wāhi e pau ana i te wa e kawe ana. Heoi, i te mea kāore pea te waina pouaka i te tino pai ki ngā pounamu waina karāhe me ngā ngongo, ahakoa he pai ake te taiao o te waina pouaka, tera pea kei te awangawanga etahi kaihoko.

Waina KēneHe māmā te waina kua tākaihia ki roto i ngā kēne konumohe, he ngāwari ki te kawe, ā, nā te ngāwari o te hangarua ka nui ake te penapena pūngao o te mahi hangarua konumohe i te karāhe. He pai hoki te waina kēne mō ngā mahi o waho me te inu kotahi.

Kirihou PirauHe pounamu waina i hangaia mai i ngā kirihou koiora, i ngā kirihou pirau rānei, ka pirau i raro i ngā āhuatanga tika, me te kore e whakararu i te taiao. Heoi, kei te whanake tonu te mahi me te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi pirau, ā, kāore pea i te pakari te roa o ngā rauemi karāhe.

Pounamu Waina PepaHe takai kei roto he anga pepa o waho me te putea kirihou o roto, he mama, he pai hoki mō te taiao. He iti te whakapaunga pūngao whakaputa, ka taea te hangarua, engari he iti te whakaaetia i te mākete o nāianei, ā, me manatoko te pānga rokiroki roa o te waina.

▶ Ngā Painga o te Kōwhiri i te Takai Tauwhiro

Te Tiaki Rauemi me te Tiaki TaiaoMā te waihanga, te whakamahi, me te whakakorenga whaitake o ngā rauemi tākai rerekē ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao me ngā rauemi puta noa i te tukanga katoa.

Te Whakatairanga i te Ōhanga PorowhitaKa whai wāhi ngā rauemi hangarua me ngā rauemi pirau ki te whakawhanaungatanga me te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi, ka whakaiti i te whakaputanga para, ā, ka whakatairanga i te tipu o te ōhanga porowhita.

Te Whakamātautau i ngā Hiahia o te KaihokoI te piki haere tonu o te mōhiotanga o te tangata ki te kai tiaki taiao, he tokomaha ake ngā kaihoko e whiriwhiri ana i ngā takai hua pumau me te hoa taiao. Mō ngā waitohu, ka āwhina ngā takai whai hua me te hoa taiao ki te hanga i te ahua o tō rātou waitohu me te whakarei ake i tō rātou whakataetae mākete.

He nui ngā painga o te momo waina tauwhiro hei whakakapi i ngā pounamu waina tuku iho, ā, kāore e taea te whakakapi, e pā ana ki te tiaki taiao me te mau kopare kanohi. Ahakoa me whakapai tonu ēnei momo whakakapi i ētahi āhuatanga, mā ngā huarahi hou mō te whanaketanga o ngā takai waipiro ā muri ake nei ka āwhina i te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga ki tētahi tauira kai matomato, tauwhiro hoki.

Mā roto i tēnei tuhinga Q&A, ka taea e tātou te mārama ki ngā kaupapa e āwangawanga ana te tangata mō ngā ngongo me ngā pounamu waina, me te mōhio ki ētahi mōhiotanga taketake mō te takai waina. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa tēnei ki te whiriwhiri me te penapena waina, engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te māramatanga o te tangata ki te tiaki taiao me te whanaketanga tauwhiro.

He nui ngā taonga o te ao waina, he kanapa hoki, he maha ngā kaupapa whakamere e tatari ana kia tūhuratia, me ētahi atu ipu pēnei i te wainangā ngongo waina me ngā pounamuMā te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga, ngā rerekētanga o ngā momo waina, me ngā tikanga whakamātautau waina o ngā rohe waina rerekē ka nui ake te whai hua me te whakamere o te haerenga whakamātautau waina.

Mena he pātai anō āu mō ngā ngongo waina, mō ētahi atu take rānei e pā ana ki te waina, tēnā koa whakapā mai i ngā wā katoa. Kei te hiahia mātou ki te whakapuaki atu i ētahi atu mōhiotanga me ngā tirohanga ki a koe, ahakoa mō te hoahoa o ngā ngongo waina, mō ngā momo hou o te takai e pai ana ki te taiao.