Kupu Whakataki

He mea nui ngā ipu whakakoi hei pau mō te tatau i ngā whakakoi wai, e whakamahia ana mō te ine i te mahi a ngā isotope irahiko. Ko te kaupapa mahi he whakanoho i te wai whakakoi kei roto ngā tauira irahiko ki roto i ngā ipu whakakoi, ā, mā te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā matūriki irahiko me te wai whakakoi ka puta he hihi kanapa, ka kitea e ngā ngongo whakarea whakaahua hei tātari i te kaha o te irahiko.

He mea nui te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi mō ngā ipu whakakoi, ā, he pānga tika ki te tika me te pono o ngā hua whakamātautau. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki o ia rauemi, pērā i te koretake o te matū, te mārama, te ātete ki te wera, te tatau papamuri, me ētahi atu. Ka pā ēnei āhuatanga ki te pumau o te tauira, te whai huatanga o te kimi, te haumaru whakahaere me te utu whakamātautau. Nō reira,He taahiraa nui te whiriwhiri i te rauemi mō ngā ipu uira tika e ai ki ngā hiahia whakamātautau me ngā āhuatanga o te tauira hei whakatutuki i ngā hua whakamātautau tika me te pono.

Ngā Pounamu Karāhe Kanapa

He tūranga nui tō ngā ipu karaihe kanapa i roto i te ao tatau kanapa wai nā te mea he tino pai te mahi. Ko ōna painga e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ēnei āhuatanga:

1. He tino pai te koretake o te matū: ka taea e te rauemi karāhe te tu atu i te mimiti o ngā whakarewa waro maha, ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore me ētahi atu matū, ā, ehara i te mea ngāwari ki te tauhohe ki ngā tauira, e whai hua ana ki te whakarite i te pumau o ngā tauira me te tika o ngā hua whakamātautau. Hei tauira, i te ine i ngā tauira irahiko i roto i te taiao waikawa kaha, ka taea e ngā pounamu karāhe te noho pumau, engari ka taea e ngā pounamu kirihou te rewa, te huri rānei, ka pā ki ngā hua o te whakamātautau.

2. Te Māramatanga NuiHe tino mārama te karāhe, ā, ka taea e ia te whakanui ake i te tukunga o te hihi kanapa e whakaputaina ana e te otinga kanapa, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakarea whakaahua, ka hua ake he pai ake te hangarau me ngā hua ine tika ake.

3. Ātete pāmahana teitei: ka taea e ngā ipu karāhe te tu atu i ngā maimoatanga whakahoromata pāmahana tiketike, pērā i te whakahoromata mamaoa huatau, he mea e tika ana mō te whakatipu pūtau, te whakamātautau moroiti me ētahi atu whakamātautau e hiahia ana ki te taiao ārai-mate tino pakari.

4. Tatau utu itiHe tino iti te kaha o te irahiko o te rauemi karāhe tonu, ka taea te whakaiti i te wawaotanga papamuri me te whakapai ake i te aro me te tika o te ine, he mea tino pai mō te kimi i ngā tauira irahiko taumata-iti.

Heoi anō, kei reira ētahi ngoikoretanga o ngā ipu karaihe kanapa:

1. NgāwariHe pakarukaru te rauemi karāhe, ā, ka pakaru wawe i te wā e whakamahia ana, he tūponotanga haumaru kei te rakuraku i te tangata, kei te poke rānei i te taiao, me āta whakahaere.

2. Taumaha akeKi te whakaritea ki ngā pounamu kirihou, he nui ake te taumaha o ngā pounamu karāhe, ā, ka piki ake te utu mō te kawe me te rokiroki.

3. Te utu teitei akeNā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tukanga hanga me ngā utu o ngā rauemi mata, he nui ake te utu o ngā pounamu karaihe kanapa i ngā takai i hangaia mai i ētahi atu rauemi pēnei i te kirihou.

I te katoa, he painga nui ngā ipu karaihe kanapa i roto i te ao tatau kanapa wai nā te mea he pai te koretake o ngā matū, he mārama teitei, he ātete ki te pāmahana teitei me te iti o te tatau papamuri, he tino pai mō te ine tika teitei, ngā taiao waikawa kaha me te kawakore, te whakahoromata pāmahana teitei me te iti o ngā whakaritenga tatau papamuri. Heoi, me whai whakaaro ki ngā ngoikoretanga o te ngoikore, te taumaha me te utu nui i roto i te kōwhiringa.

Ngā Pounamu Kirihou

E whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki ngā ipu kirihou kanapa i roto i te ao tatau wai nā te mea he mama, he pakari, he utu iti hoki. Ko ōna painga e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1. Kāore i te ngāwari ki te pakaruHe pakari te rauemi kirihou, ka taea te tu atu ki ngā pānga me ngā pēhanga, kāore e ngāwari ki te pakaru, he haumaru ake, he watea ake hoki te whakahaere, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te pakaru me ngā tūponotanga haumaru.

2. Mama te taumahaKi te whakaritea ki ngā pounamu karāhe, he mama ake ngā pounamu kirihou, he ngāwari ki te kawe me te penapena, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere me te nohoia o ngā wāhi taiwhanga.

3. Utu itiHe iti ake te utu mō ngā rauemi kirihou, he māmā noa iho te tukanga whakaputa, nō reira he pai ake te utu o ngā ipu kirihou kanapa i ngā pounamu karāhe, ka taea ai te whakaiti i te utu o ngā whakamātautau.

4. Te KirihoutangaHe ngāwari te tukatuka me te hanga i te kirihou, ā, ka taea te hanga kia rite ki ngā hiahia whakamātautau o ngā āhua rerekē, ngā whakaritenga me ngā tae o ngā ipu kanapa, pērā i ngā pounamu kōniko, ngā pounamu tapawhā, ngā pounamu parauri, me ētahi atu, kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia whakamātautau motuhake.

Heoi anō, he iti noa iho ngā herenga o ngā ipu kirihou kanapa:

1. Kāore i te tino pukumahi te matū: Tērā pea ka memeha, ka piro rānei te kirihou i ētahi whakarewa rauropi, pērā i te toluene me te xylene, ka pā ki te whai huatanga o te kimi i ngā ngongo whakarea whakaahua, ā, ka whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te tatau me te tika o te ine.

2. Te iti o te māramatanga: mā te iti o te mārama o te kirihou ki te whakataurite ki te karāhe ka whakaiti i te tuku hihi e whakaputaina ana e te wai kanapa, ka pā ki te whai huatanga o te kimi o ngā ngongo whakarea whakaahua, ā, ka whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te tatau me te tika o te ine.

3. Kāore e ātete ki te pāmahana teiteiKāore te nuinga o ngā rauemi kirihou e ātete ki te pāmahana tiketike, ā, mā te maimoatanga autoclave ka rerekē te āhua o ngā pounamu kirihou, ka tukuna rānei ngā matū, ka pā ki ngā hua o te whakamātautau me te hauora o ngā kaiwhakamātautau.

4. Te maha o ngā papamuri teitei akeKo te papamuri irahiko o te rauemi kirihou he teitei ake i tērā o te karāhe, ka nui ake pea te wawaotanga papamuri me te whakaiti i te aro me te tika o te ine, ā, kāore e pai mō te kimi i ngā tauira irahiko taumata-iti.

Hei whakamutunga, he whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ngā pounamu kanapa kirihou i roto i ngā inenga noa, he iti te utu, me ngā whakamātautau e hiahia ana kia nui te haumaru mahi nā te mea he uaua ki te pakaru, he māmā, he iti te utu, he ngāwari hoki te whakakorikori. Heoi, me whai whakaaro ki ōna ngoikoretanga pēnei i te ngoikore o te kaha ki te whakamahi i ngā matū, te iti o te māramatanga, te kore e aro ki te pāmahana teitei me te nui o te tatau papamuri i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i a rātou kia kore ai e pā ki te tika me te pono o ngā hua whakamātautau.

Aratohu Kōwhiri Rauemi

Ko te whiriwhiri i te rauemi tika mō te pounamu wherikotanga me whai i te huinga o ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

Ngā Āhuatanga Tauira

1. Ngā momo whakarewaHe rerekē ngā whakaritenga o ngā whakarewa rerekē mō te pumau matū o te rauemi. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā whakarewa rauropi pēnei i te toluene me te xylene te whakarewa i ētahi kirihou, nō reira me whiriwhiri he pounamu karāhe koretake ake te matū.

2. Waikawa me te kawakoreKa waikura ētahi rauemi i te taiao waikawa me te kawakore kaha, me whiriwhiri koe i tētahi pounamu karāhe e pai ake ana te mahi waikawa me te kawakore.

3. Te kaha o te irahikoMe whiriwhiri ngā tauira irahiko iti i ngā pounamu karāhe he iti ake te maha o ngā papamuri hei whakaiti i te pokanoa papamuri me te whakapai ake i te tika o te ine.

Ngā Whakaritenga Whakamātautau

1. Te tika o te kitengaHei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te kitenga me te tika o te ine, me whiriwhiri he pounamu karāhe mārama, he iti hoki te maha o ngā mea kei muri.

2. Ngā whakaritenga mō te korenga o te huakitaKo ngā whakamātautau e hiahia ana kia whakahoromatahia i te pāmahana teitei me whiriwhiri i ngā ipu karāhe ātete pāmahana teitei.

3. Te haumaru o te mahiHei whakapai ake i te haumaru o te mahi, me whiriwhiri ngā whakamātautau me ngā tukinga i te wā e whakamahia ana, me ngā pounamu kirihou kāore e pakaru hei whakapai ake i te haumaru o te mahi.

Te Tahua Utu

1. Ngā utu rauemiHe nui ake te utu o ngā pounamu karāhe i ngā pounamu kirihou.

2. Ngā utu mō te kawe me te rokirokiHe nui ake te taumaha o ngā pounamu karāhe, ā, he nui ake te utu mō te kawe me te penapena.

Ngā Kōwhiringa i Manakohia

1. He pai ngā ipu karāhe mō ngā whakamātautau e hiahia ana kia ine tika, kia whakamahia ngā taiao waikawa me te kawakore kaha, kia whakamahia ngā matū whakahoromata i te pāmahana teitei, kia iti hoki te maha o ngā matū papamuri.

2. He pai ngā ipu kirihou mō ngā inenga noa, ngā whakamātautau iti te utu, me ngā whakamātautau e hiahia ana kia nui te haumaru whakahaere.

Me paunatia te kōwhiringa whakamutunga o ngā rauemi mō ngā ipu whakakoi ki ngā hiahia whakamātautau me ngā āhuatanga tauira. E taunakihia ana kia kōrero koe ki tētahi tohunga, kia whakahaere rānei i tētahi whakamātautau-mua i mua i te whiriwhiri i tētahi hei whakarite kia whiriwhiria e koe te rauemi tino tika, kia whiwhi ai hoki i ngā hua whakamātautau tika, pono hoki.

Whakamutunga

He mea tino nui ngā ipu karaihe kanapa i hangaia ki te karāhe me te kirihou hei paunga i roto i te hangarau tatau kanapa wai, ā, he painga me he ngoikoretanga motuhake tō ia ipu. He tino pai ngā ipu karāhe i roto i ngā whakamātautau e hiahia ana ki ngā inenga tino tika, ngā taiao waikawa me te kawakore kaha, te autoclaving me te iti o ngā tatau papamuri nā te mea he pai te koretake o te matū, te mārama teitei, te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei me te iti o ngā tatau papamuri. I tētahi atu taha, ko ngā pounamu kirihou, me ō rātou painga he kore e pakaru, he māmā, he iti te utu me te ngāwari ki te whakakorikori, he wāhi tō rātou i roto i ngā inenga noa, he aro nui ki te utu me ngā whakamātautau e hiahia ana ki te haumaru whakahaere teitei.

Ehara i te mea ngāwari te whiriwhiri i te rauemi tika mō ngā pounamu whakakoi, ā, me whakakotahi ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te āhua o te tauira, ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau me te tahua utu. Hei tauira, mō ngā inenga tino tika i roto i ngā taiao waikawa kaha me te kawakore, he pai ake ngā ipu karāhe, engari mō ngā inenga noa me ngā whakamātautau tairongo utu, he pai ake te utu o ngā ipu kirihou.

He taahiraa nui te whiriwhiri me te whakamahi tika i ngā pounamu whakakoi hei whakatutuki i ngā hua tika me te pono. Me arotake marie ngā kaiwhakamātautau i ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā rauemi rerekē e ai ki ā rātou ake hiahia whakamātautau, me whiriwhiri i ngā pounamu whakakoi tino tika, ā, me whakamahi i aua mea kia rite tonu ki ngā tikanga whakahaere, kia tika ai te tika me te pono o ngā raraunga whakamātautau, ā, kia tautokona ai hoki ngā rangahau pūtaiao rūpahu.