Ka arotahi tēnei tuhinga ki ngā ipu whakakoi, ka tūhuratia ngā rauemi me te hoahoa, ngā whakamahinga me ngā tono, te pānga ki te taiao me te oranga tonutanga, te auahatanga hangarau, te haumaru, me ngā ture mō ngā pounamu whakakoi. Mā te tūhura i ēnei kaupapa, ka hohonu ake tā tātou māramatanga ki te hiranga o te rangahau pūtaiao me te mahi taiwhanga, me te tūhura i ngā ahunga me ngā wero mō te whanaketanga ā meake nei.

ⅠKōwhiringa Rauemi

• PolyethyleneVSKarāhe: Te Whakataurite i ngā Painga me ngā Huakore

 ▶Polyethylene

Painga 

1. He mama, kāore e ngawari te pakaru, he pai mō te kawe me te whakahaere.

2. He iti te utu, he ngāwari te whakanui i te whakaputanga.

3. He pai te kore e tauhohe ki te nuinga o ngā matū.

4. Ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā tauira he iti ake te kaha o te irahiko.

ngoikoretanga

1. Tērā pea ka pāngia ētahi isotope irahiko e ngā rauemi polyethylene

2.Nā te matotoru o te mata, he uaua ki te aroturuki i te tauira.

▶ Karāhe

         Painga

1. He māramatanga tino pai mō te tirotiro ngāwari i ngā tauira

2. He pai te hototahi ki te nuinga o ngā isotopes irahiko

3. He pai te mahi i roto i ngā tauira he nui te kaha o te irahiko, ā, kāore e whakararuraru i ngā hua ine.

ngoikoretanga

1. He pakarukaru te karāhe, ā, me āta whakahaere me te penapena.

2. He nui te utu o ngā rauemi karāhe, ā, kāore e pai mō ngā pakihi iti ki te whakatairangawhakaputa i runga i te tauine nui.

3. Tērā pea ka rewa, ka waikura rānei ngā rauemi karāhe i roto i ētahi matū, ka pāngia ai te tangata e te parahanga.

• PūmanawaAngā tono oOkei reiraMngā rauemi

▶ KirihouCngā mea whakakotahi

Mā te whakakotahi i ngā painga o ngā polymer me ētahi atu rauemi whakakaha (pērā i te muka karāhe), he ngāwari ki te kawe, he pakari hoki, he mārama hoki.

▶ Ngā Rauemi Pirau-koiora

Mō ētahi tauira, mō ētahi āhuatanga rānei ka taea te whakamahi hei whakakore i ngā mea pirau, ka taea te whakaaro ki ngā rauemi pirau-koiora hei whakaiti i te pānga kino ki te taiao.

▶ PūmuaMngā rauemi

Kōwhiria ngā rauemi pūmua e tika ana pērā i te polypropylene, te polyester, me ētahi atu, kia rite ki ngā hiahia whakamahinga motuhake hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga rerekē mō te koretake o ngā matū me te ātete ki te waikura.

He mea nui kia hoahoatia, kia whakaputahia hoki ngā pounamu kanapa me te mahi tino pai, me te haumaru hoki, mā te whai whakaaro whānui ki ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā rauemi rerekē me ngā hiahia o ngā momo whakamahinga motuhake, kia taea ai te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi e tika ana mō te takai tauira i roto i ngā taiwhanga, i ētahi atu āhuatanga rānei.

Tuarua. Ngā āhuatanga hoahoa

• Te hiriPmahi

(1)He mea nui te kaha o te mahi hiri ki te tika o ngā hua whakamātautauMe āhei te pounamu kanapa ki te ārai i te turuturu o ngā matū irahiko, i te urunga rānei o ngā poke o waho ki roto i te tauira kia tika ai ngā hua ine.

(2)Te awe o te kōwhiringa rauemi ki te mahi hiri.He pai te mahi hiri o ngā pounamu kanapa i hangaia ki ngā rauemi polyethylene, engari tera pea he pokanoa papamuri mō ngā tauira irahiko teitei. He rerekē, ka taea e ngā pounamu kanapa i hangaia ki ngā rauemi karāhe te whakarato i te mahi hiri pai ake me te kore e taea te whakamahi matū, kia pai ai mō ngā tauira irahiko teitei.

(3)Te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi hiri me te hangarau hiri. Haunga te whiriwhiri rauemi, he mea nui anō hoki te hangarau hiri e pā ana ki te mahi hiri. Ko ngā tikanga hiri noa ko te tāpiri i ngā hiri rapa ki roto i te taupoki pounamu, te whakamahi i ngā taupoki hiri kirihou, me ētahi atu. Ka taea te whiriwhiri i te tikanga hiri e tika ana kia rite ki ngā hiahia whakamātautau.

• TeIte awe o teSrahi me teShape oSkanapatangaBngā pounamu kei rungaPtikangaAngā tono

(1)E pā ana te kōwhiringa rahi ki te rahi o te tauira i roto i te pounamu kanapa..Me whakatau te rahi, te kaha rānei o te pounamu whakakoi i runga i te nui o te tauira hei ine i roto i te whakamātautau. Mō ngā whakamātautau he iti ngā tauira, mā te whiriwhiri i tētahi pounamu whakakoi iti ake te kaha ka taea te penapena i ngā utu mahi me ngā utu tauira, ā, ka pai ake te whai huatanga o te whakamātautau.

(2)Te awe o te āhua ki te whakaranu me te whakarewa.Ka pā anō hoki te rerekētanga o te āhua me te raro o te pounamu kanapa ki ngā pānga whakaranu me te whakarewa i waenga i ngā tauira i te wā o te tukanga whakamātautau. Hei tauira, he pai ake pea te pounamu porowhita raro mō te whakaranu i ngā tauhohenga i roto i te oscillator, engari he pai ake te pounamu papatahi raro mō te wehenga o te ua i roto i te centrifuge.

(3)Ngā tono āhua motuhakeKa taea e ētahi pounamu kanapa āhua motuhake, pērā i ngā hoahoa o raro me ngā awaawa, ngā porowhita rānei, te whakanui ake i te horahanga pā i waenga i te tauira me te wai kanapa, me te whakarei ake i te aro o te ine.

Mā te hoahoa i te mahi hiri, te rahi, te āhua, me te rōrahi o te pounamu kanapa i runga i te whakaaro tika, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau ki te taumata nui rawa atu, kia tika ai, kia pono ai hoki ngā hua whakamātautau.

Ⅲ. Kaupapa me te Whakamahinga

•  SpūtaiaoRrangahau

▶ Isotopa Reo IrirangiMte ine

(1)Te rangahau rongoā karihiHe whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā ipu scintillation hei ine i te tohatoha me te pākia o ngā isotopes radioactive i roto i ngā rauropi ora, pērā i te tohatoha me te mimiti o ngā rongoā kua tohua ki te radioactive. Ngā tukanga pākia me te tukunga. He mea nui ēnei inenga mō te tautuhi mate, te kimi i ngā tukanga maimoatanga, me te whakawhanake i ngā rongoā hou.

(2)Te rangahau matū karihiI roto i ngā whakamātautau matū karihi, ka whakamahia ngā ipu kanapa hei ine i te ngohe me te kukū o ngā isotope irahiko, hei ako i ngā āhuatanga matū o ngā huānga whakaata, te tere o te tauhohenga karihi, me ngā tukanga pirau irahiko. He mea nui tēnei hei mārama ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā huringa o ngā rauemi karihi.

▶Dte ārai whāriki

(1)TarukinoMte kaioraoraRrangahauKa whakamahia ngā ipu scintillation hei aromatawai i te tere o te pākia me ngā taunekeneke pūmua rongoā o ngā matū i roto i ngā rauropi ora. He āwhina tēnei

hei tirotiro i ngā matū rongoā pea, hei arotau i te hoahoa rongoā, me te aromatawai i ngā āhuatanga pharmacokinetic o ngā rongoā.

(2)TarukinoAmahiEaromatawaiKa whakamahia hoki ngā pounamu scintillation hei aromatawai i te mahi koiora me te whai huatanga o ngā rongoā, hei tauira, mā te ine i te hononga here i waenga ingā rongoā kua tohua ki te irahiko me ngā ngota ūnga hei aromatawai i te mahi ārai-puku, ārai-paturopi rānei o ngā rongoā.

▶ TaupāngaCngā āhuatanga pēnei i te DNASraupapatanga

(1)Hangarau Tapanga IrirangiI roto i te rangahau koiora ngota me te ira, ka whakamahia ngā pounamu kanapa hei ine i ngā tauira DNA, RNA rānei kua tohua ki ngā isotope irahiko. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o tēnei hangarau tapanga irahiko i roto i te raupapatanga DNA, te whakaranu RNA, ngā taunekeneke pūmua-waikawa karihi, me ētahi atu whakamātautau, ā, he taputapu nui tēnei mō te rangahau mahi ira me te tautuhi mate.

(2)Hangarau Whakaranu Waikawa KarihiKa whakamahia hoki ngā pounamu kanapa hei ine i ngā tohu irahiko i roto i ngā tauhohenga whakaranu waikawa karihi. He maha ngā hangarau e pā ana e whakamahia ana hei kimi i ngā raupapatanga motuhake o te DNA, o te RNA rānei, e āhei ai te rangahau e pā ana ki te ira tangata me te ira tātaitai.

Nā te whānui o te whakamahinga o ngā pounamu kanapa i roto i te rangahau pūtaiao, ka whakaratohia e tēnei hua he tikanga ine irahiko tika engari tairongo ki ngā kaimahi taiwhanga, ā, ka tautoko nui i ngā rangahau pūtaiao me ngā rangahau hauora.

• AhumahiAngā tono

▶ TePmatū kinoIahumahi

(1)KoungaCwhakahaere i roto iDwhārikiPwhakaputangaI te wā e hangaia ana ngā rongoā, ka whakamahia ngā pounamu kanapa hei whakatau i ngā wāhanga rongoā me te kimi i ngā rauemi irahiko hei whakarite kia tutuki te kounga o ngā rongoā i ngā whakaritenga o ngā paerewa. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakamātautau i te mahi, te kukū, me te parakore o ngā isotope irahiko, tae atu ki te pumau ka taea e ngā rongoā te pupuri i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.

(2)Te whanaketanga me teSte tirotiro i teNew DwhārikiKa whakamahia ngā pounamu scintillation i roto i te tukanga whakawhanaketanga rongoā hei aromatawai i te pākia o te tinana, te whai huatanga, me te paitini o ngā rongoā. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te tirotiro i ngā rongoā hangai pea me te arotau i tō rātou hanganga, ka tere ake te tere me te whai huatanga o te whakawhanaketanga rongoā hou.

▶ EtaiaoMte tirotiro

(1)IrahikoPpokeMte tirotiroHe whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā pounamu scintillation mō te aroturukitanga taiao, he mea nui hoki ki te ine i te kukū me te mahi a ngā poke irahiko i roto i te hanganga oneone, te taiao wai, me te hau. He mea nui tēnei mō te aromatawai i te tohatoha o ngā matū irahiko i roto i te taiao, te poke karihi i Chengdu, te tiaki i te oranga o te iwi me te haumaru o ngā rawa, me te hauora o te taiao.

(2)karihiWāteTte tiaki me teMte tirotiroI roto i te umanga pūngao karihi, ka whakamahia hoki ngā pounamu kanapa hei aroturuki me te ine i ngā tukanga maimoatanga para karihi. Kei roto i tēnei ko te ine i te mahi a te para irahiko, te aroturuki i ngā tukunga irahiko mai i ngā whare maimoatanga para, me ētahi atu, hei whakarite i te haumaru me te tutuki o te tukanga maimoatanga para karihi.

▶ Ngā tauira oAngā tono i roto iOkei reiraFngā mara

(1)MatawhenuaRrangahauE whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā ipu scintillation i roto i te mara o te matawhenua hei ine i te nui o ngā isotopes radioactive i roto i ngā toka, te oneone, me ngā kohuke, me te ako i te hītori o te Ao mā roto i ngā inenga tika. Ngā tukanga matawhenua me te pūtake o ngā putunga kohuke

(2) In teFmara oFpaiIahumahi, e whakamahia ana ngā pounamu kanapa hei ine i te nui o ngā matū irahiko i roto i ngā tauira kai i hangaia i roto i te umanga kai, hei aromatawai i ngā take haumaru me te kounga o te kai.

(3)IrahikoTrongoāE whakamahia ana ngā pounamu kanapa i roto i te mara o te rongoā irahiko hauora hei ine i te horopeta irahiko e puta mai ana i ngā taputapu rongoā irahiko, kia tika ai, kia haumaru ai hoki i te wā e rongoatia ana.

Nā te whānuitanga o ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā momo mara pēnei i te rongoā, te aroturuki taiao, te matawhenua, te kai, me ētahi atu, ehara i te mea ka whakaratohia e ngā pounamu kanapa ngā tikanga ine irahiko whai hua mō te ahumahi anake, engari mō ngā mara pāpori, taiao, me te ahurea hoki, kia pai ai te hauora o te tangata me te haumaru pāpori me te taiao.

Ⅳ. Ngā Pānga ki te Taiao me te Oranga Tonutanga

• Te whakaputangaStāke

▶ RauemiSpōtitangaCte whakaaroaroSte pumau

(1)TeUoRka taea te whakakahaMngā rauemiI roto i te hanga pounamu kanapa, ko ngā rauemi whakahou pēnei i ngā kirihou pirau-koiora me ngā pūmua hangarua ka whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā rauemi iti kāore e taea te whakahou, me tōna pānga ki te taiao.

(2)MatuaSpōtitanga oLwaro-owPte whakakorikoriMngā rauemiMe aro nui ki ngā rauemi he iti ake ngā āhuatanga waro mō te hanga me te whakanao, pērā i te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao me ngā tukunga parahanga hei whakaiti i te taumahatanga ki te taiao.

(3) Te hangarua oMngā rauemiI roto i te hoahoa me te hanga o ngā pounamu kanapa, e whakaarohia ana ko te āheinga hangarua o ngā rauemi ka whakatairanga i te whakamahinga anō me te hangarua, me te whakaiti i te whakaputanga para me te para rauemi.

▶ TaiaoIpāngaAaromatawai i te wāPwhakaputangaPtukanga

(1)Te oraCycleAaromatawaiWhakahaerehia he aromatawai i te huringa ora i te wā e hangaia ana ngā pounamu kanapa hei aromatawai i ngā pānga ki te taiao i te wā e hangaia ana, tae atu ki te ngaronga pūngao, ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi, te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi wai, me ētahi atu, hei whakaiti i ngā pānga ki te taiao i te wā e hangaia ana.

(2) Pūnaha Whakahaere TaiaoWhakatinanahia ngā pūnaha whakahaere taiao, pērā i te paerewa ISO 14001 (he paerewa pūnaha whakahaere taiao e mōhiotia ana i te ao katoa e whakarato ana i tētahi anga mō ngā whakahaere ki te hoahoa me te whakatinana i ngā pūnaha whakahaere taiao, me te whakapai tonu i tā rātou mahi taiao. Mā te piripono ki tēnei paerewa, ka taea e ngā whakahaere te whakarite kia haere tonu tā rātou mahi matatau me te whai hua hei whakaiti i te tapuwae o te pānga taiao), te whakatū i ngā mahi whakahaere taiao whai hua, te aroturuki me te whakahaere i ngā pānga taiao i te wā o te tukanga whakaputa, me te whakarite kia tutuki te tukanga whakaputa katoa i ngā whakaritenga tino pakari o ngā ture me ngā paerewa taiao.

(3) RauemiCte tiaki me teEpūngaoEwhai huatangaIwhakapaingaMā te arotau i ngā tukanga me ngā hangarau whakaputa, te whakaiti i te ngaronga o ngā rauemi mata me te pūngao, te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga rauemi me te pūngao, ā, mā reira ka whakaitihia te pānga kino ki te taiao me te nui rawa o ngā tukunga waro i te wā o te tukanga whakaputa.

I roto i te tukanga whakaputa o ngā pounamu kanapa, mā te whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga whanaketanga tauwhiro, te tango i ngā rauemi whakaputa e pai ana ki te taiao me ngā mahi whakahaere whakaputa tika, ka taea te whakaiti i te pānga kino ki te taiao, me te whakatairanga i te whakamahinga whai hua o ngā rauemi me te whanaketanga tauwhiro o te taiao.

• Wāhanga Whakamahi

▶ WāteMwhakahaere

(1)TikaDisposalMe whakakore tika ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā para i muri i te whakamahinga o ngā pounamu para, me whakakore ngā pounamu para kua maka ki roto i ngā ipu para kua tohua, i ngā ipu hangarua rānei, me te karo, te whakakore rānei i te parahanga i puta mai i te tuku para koretake, i te whakaranu rānei ki ētahi atu para, ka pā kino ki te taiao.

(2) WhakarōpūtangaRhangaruaKo ngā pounamu kanapa he mea hanga i ngā rauemi hangarua, pērā i te karāhe, i te polyethylene rānei. Ka taea hoki te whakarōpū me te hangarua i ngā pounamu kanapa kua whakarērea kia whai hua ai te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi.

(3) MoreareaWāteTte tiakiMena kua rongoatia, kua rongoatia rānei ngā matū irahiko, ngā matū kino rānei ki roto i ngā pounamu kanapa, me whakaaro ngā pounamu kanapa kua makahia hei para morearea i runga anō i ngā ture me ngā aratohu e tika ana kia noho haumaru ai, kia tutuki ai hoki ngā ture e tika ana.

▶ Te āheinga ki te hangarua me teReuse

(1)Te hangarua me teRtukatuka hikoKa taea te whakamahi anō i ngā pounamu para kanapa mā te hangarua me te tukatuka anō. Ka taea te tukatuka i ngā pounamu kanapa hangarua e ngā wheketere me ngā whare hangarua motuhake, ā, ka taea te hanga anō i ngā rauemi hei pounamu kanapa hou, hei hua kirihou rānei.

(2)RauemiReuseKa taea te whakamahi i ngā pounamu whakakoi kua hangaruatia, he tino ma, kāore anō kia poke i ngā matū irahiko, hei hanga anō i ngā pounamu whakakoi hou, ko ngā pounamu whakakoi kua mau kē atu i ngā poke irahiko engari e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa horoi, ā, kāore e kino ki te tinana tangata, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei rauemi mō te hanga i ētahi atu matū, pērā i ngā pupuri pene, ngā ipu karāhe o ia rā, me ētahi atu, kia taea ai te whakamahi anō i ngā rauemi me te whakamahi whai hua i ngā rauemi.

(3) WhakatairangaSpumauCte kaiWhakatenatenahia ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whiriwhiri i ngā tikanga kai pumau, pērā i te whiriwhiri i ngā pounamu shine e taea te hangarua, te karo i te whakamahi i ngā hua kirihou whakakorekore i ngā wā katoa e taea ana, te whakaiti i te whakaputanga o ngā para kirihou whakakorekore, te whakatairanga i te ōhanga porowhita me te whanaketanga pumau.

Mā te whakahaere me te whakamahi tika i ngā para o ngā pounamu wherikotanga, me te whakatairanga i tōna āheinga ki te hangarua me te whakamahi anō, ka taea te whakaiti i te pānga kino ki te taiao, me te whakatairanga i te whakamahinga whai hua me te hangarua o ngā rauemi.

Ⅴ. Auahatanga Hangarau

• Te Whakawhanaketanga Rauemi Hou

▶ Bpirau-ā-waiMrauemi

(1)TauwhiroMngā rauemiHei whakautu i ngā pānga kino ki te taiao i puta i te wā o te hanga rauemi pounamu kanapa, kua noho te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi pirau-koiora hei rauemi mata hanga hei ia o ngā mahi nui. Ka taea e ngā rauemi pirau-koiora te pirau haere hei matū kāore e pā kino ki te tangata me te taiao i muri i te roa o te wā mahi, ka whakaiti i te parahanga ki te taiao.

(2)Ngā WeroFi angitu i te wāRrangahau meDwhanaketangaTērā pea ka pāngia ngā rauemi pirau-koiora e ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga miihini, te pumau matū, me te whakahaere utu. Nō reira, me whakapai tonu te tauira me te hangarau tukatuka o ngā rauemi mata hei whakarei ake i te mahi a ngā rauemi pirau-koiora me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o ngā hua e hangaia ana mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi pirau-koiora.

▶ AhauatamaiDhoahoa

(1)MamaoMte tirotiro me teSaroturukiIwhakakotahitangaMā te āwhina o te hangarau pūoko matatau, ka honoa te whakaurunga pūoko atamai me te aroturuki mamao Ipurangi hei whakatutuki i te aroturuki wā-tūturu, te kohikohi raraunga me te urunga raraunga mamao ki ngā āhuatanga taiao tauira. Mā tēnei whakakotahitanga atamai ka whakapai ake i te taumata aunoa o ngā whakamātautau, ā, ka taea hoki e ngā kaimahi pūtaiao me te hangarau te aroturuki i te tukanga whakamātautau me ngā hua raraunga wā-tūturu i ngā wā katoa me ngā wāhi katoa mā roto i ngā taputapu pūkoro, i ngā tūāpapa taputapu whatunga rānei, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi, te ngāwari o ngā mahi whakamātautau, me te tika o ngā hua whakamātautau.

(2)RaraungaAtātaritanga me teFarotakeI runga i ngā raraunga i kohia e ngā taputapu atamai, ka whakawhanakehia ngā rauropi tātari atamai me ngā tauira, ka whakahaerehia hoki te tukatuka me te tātari i ngā raraunga i te wā tūturu. Mā te tātari atamai i ngā raraunga whakamātautau, ka taea e ngā kairangahau te whiwhi i ngā hua whakamātautau i te wā tika, te hanga i ngā whakarerekētanga me ngā urupare e rite ana, me te whakateretere i te ahunga whakamua o te rangahau.

Nā te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi hou me te whakakotahitanga me te hoahoa atamai, he whānui ake te mākete tono me ngā mahi a ngā pounamu kanapa, e whakatairanga tonu ana i te aunoatanga, te mātauranga, me te whanaketanga pumau o ngā mahi taiwhanga.

• Aunoatanga me teDte whakairoiro

▶ AunoaSnuiPte mahi whakakorikori

(1)Aunoatanga oSnuiPte mahi whakakorikoriPtukangaI roto i te tukanga whakaputa o ngā pounamu whakakoi me te tukatuka tauira, ka whakauruhia ngā taputapu me ngā pūnaha aunoa, pērā i ngā uta tauira aunoa, ngā teihana mahi tukatuka wai, me ētahi atu, hei whakatutuki i te aunoatanga o te tukanga tukatuka tauira. Ka taea e ēnei taputapu aunoa te whakakore i ngā mahi hoha o te uta tauira ā-ringa, te whakarewa, te whakaranu, me te waimeha, kia pai ake ai te whai huatanga o ngā whakamātautau me te ōritetanga o ngā raraunga whakamātautau.

(2)AunoaSwhakanuiSpūnaha: he pūnaha tauira aunoa tōna, ā, ka taea e ia te kohikohi me te tukatuka aunoa i ngā tauira, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā hapa whakahaere ā-ringa, ka whakapai ake hoki i te tere me te tika o te tukatuka tauira. Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei pūnaha tauira aunoa ki ngā momo kāwai tauira me ngā horopaki whakamātautau, pērā i te tātari matū, te rangahau koiora, me ētahi atu.

▶ RaraungaMwhakahaere meAtātaritanga

(1)Te Whakamatihiko i ngā Raraunga Whakamātautau: Whakamatihikohia te rokiroki me te whakahaere i ngā raraunga whakamātautau, me te whakatū i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere raraunga mamati kotahi. Mā te whakamahi i te Pūnaha Whakahaere Mōhiohio Taiwhanga (LIMS) me te pūmanawa whakahaere raraunga whakamātautau rānei, ka taea te whakatutuki i te tuhi aunoa, te rokiroki, me te tiki mai i ngā raraunga whakamātautau, ka whakapai ake i te whai me te haumarutanga o ngā raraunga.

(2)Te Whakamahinga o ngā Utauta Tātari RaraungaWhakamahia ngā taputapu tātari raraunga me ngā rauropi pēnei i te ako mīhini, te mātauranga horihori, me ētahi atu hei whakahaere i te keri hohonu me te tātari i ngā raraunga whakamātautau. Ka taea e ēnei taputapu tātari raraunga te āwhina i ngā kairangahau ki te tūhura me te kite i te hononga me te auau i waenga i ngā raraunga, te tango i ngā mōhiohio whai hua e huna ana i waenga i ngā raraunga, kia taea ai e ngā kairangahau te tuku whakaaro ki a rātou anō, ā, i te mutunga ka tutuki ngā hua rapu whakaaro.

(3)Te Whakaaturanga o ngā Hua WhakamātautauMā te whakamahi i te hangarau whakaaturanga raraunga, ka taea te whakaatu i ngā hua o te whakamātautau mā te whakamahi i ngā tūtohi, ngā whakaahua, me ētahi atu, ā, mā tēnei ka āwhina i ngā kaiwhakamātautau kia mārama wawe, kia tātari hoki i te tikanga me ngā au o ngā raraunga whakamātautau. Ka āwhina tēnei i ngā kairangahau pūtaiao kia pai ake te mārama ki ngā hua o te whakamātautau, kia taea ai hoki te whakatau me te whakarerekē i ngā mea e rite ana.

Mā te tukatuka tauira aunoa me te whakahaere me te tātari raraunga matihiko, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā mahi taiwhanga whai hua, atamai, me te ahu mai i ngā mōhiohio, ka whakapai ake i te kounga me te pono o ngā whakamātautau, me te whakatairanga i te ahunga whakamua me te auahatanga o te rangahau pūtaiao.

Ⅵ. Haumarutanga me ngā Ture

• IrahikoMrauemiHāniwhara

▶ HaumaruOwhakahaereGārahi

(1)Mātauranga me te WhakangunguWhakaratohia he mātauranga me he whakangungu haumaru whai hua, e tika ana hoki mō ia kaimahi taiwhanga, tae atu ki ngā tikanga whakahaere haumaru mō te whakatakotoranga o ngā rauemi irahiko, ngā mahi urupare ohorere mēnā ka puta he aituā, te whakarite haumaru me te tiaki i ngā taputapu taiwhanga o ia rā, me ētahi atu, kia mārama ai, kia mōhio ai, kia piri pono ai hoki ngā kaimahi me ētahi atu ki ngā aratohu whakahaere haumaru taiwhanga.

(2)WhaiaroPtiakiEtaputapuWhakanohoia ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro e tika ana i roto i te taiwhanga, pērā i ngā kākahu tiaki taiwhanga, ngā karapu, ngā mōhiti kanohi, me ētahi atu, hei tiaki i ngā kaimahi taiwhanga mai i ngā kino ka puta mai i ngā rauemi irahiko.

(3)WhakatutukiOmahiPngā tikangaWhakatūria he tikanga whakamātautau paerewa, he tino pakari hoki, tae atu ki te whakahaere tauira, ngā tikanga ine, te whakahaere taputapu, me ētahi atu, kia haumaru ai te whakamahinga me te whakahaere haumaru hoki i ngā rauemi whai āhuatanga irahiko.

▶ ParaDisposalRngā ture

(1)Whakarōpūtanga me te TapangaE ai ki ngā ture taiwhanga, ngā whakaritenga, me ngā tikanga whakamātautau paerewa e pā ana, ka whakarōpūtia, ka tapaina hoki ngā para rauemi irahiko hei whakamārama i te taumata o te irahiko me ngā whakaritenga tukatuka, kia tiakina ai te ora o ngā kaimahi taiwhanga me ētahi atu.

(2)Rokiroki WāpotoMō ngā rauemi tauira irahiko taiwhanga ka puta pea he para, me mahi ngā mahi rokiroki me te penapena wā poto e tika ana kia rite ki ō rātou āhuatanga me te nui o te mōrearea. Me mahi ngā mahi tiaki motuhake mō ngā tauira taiwhanga hei ārai i te turuturu o ngā rauemi irahiko, me te whakarite kia kore ai e kino ki te taiao me ngā kaimahi.

(3)Te Whakakorenga Haumaru o ngā ParaTe whakahaere me te whakakore haumaru i ngā rauemi irahiko kua makahia kia rite ki ngā ture me ngā paerewa whakakore para taiwhanga e tika ana. Kei roto pea i tēnei ko te tuku i ngā rauemi kua makahia ki ngā whare tukatuka para motuhake, ki ngā wāhi rānei hei whakakore, te whakahaere rānei i te rokiroki me te whakakorenga haumaru o ngā para irahiko.

Mā te piripono ki ngā aratohu whakahaere haumaru taiwhanga me ngā tikanga whakakore para, ka taea te tiaki pai i ngā kaimahi taiwhanga me te taiao mai i te parahanga irahiko, ā, ka taea hoki te whakarite i te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā mahi taiwhanga.

• LwhakamomoriShaumaru

▶ E tika anaRngā ture me ngāLwhakamomoriSngā paerewa

(1)Ngā Ture Whakahaere Rauemi IrahikoMe tino tutuki ngā taiwhanga i ngā tikanga me ngā paerewa whakahaere rauemi irahiko ā-motu me ā-rohe e tika ana, tae atu ki ngā ture mō te hoko, te whakamahi, te rokiroki, me te whakakorenga o ngā tauira irahiko.

(2)Ngā Ture Whakahaere Haumaru TaiwhangaI runga i te āhua me te rahi o te taiwhanga, me whakatakoto me te whakatinana i ngā pūnaha haumaru me ngā tikanga whakahaere e tutuki ana i ngā ture whakahaere haumaru taiwhanga ā-motu me ā-rohe, hei whakarite i te haumaru me te hauora tinana o ngā kaimahi taiwhanga.

(3) MatūRiskMwhakahaereRngā tureMena kei te whakamahia ngā matū morearea i roto i te taiwhanga, me tino whai i ngā ture whakahaere matū me ngā paerewa tono e tika ana, tae atu ki ngā whakaritenga mō te hoko, te rokiroki, te whakamahinga tika me te ture, me ngā tikanga whakakorenga o ngā matū.

▶ MōreareaAaromatawai meMwhakahaere

(1)AuauRiskIte tirotiro me teRiskAaromatawaiPngā tikangaI mua i te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau mōrearea, me arotake ngā momo mōrearea ka puta pea i ngā wāhanga tōmua, waenga, me muri o te whakamātautau, tae atu ki ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki ngā tauira matū, ngā rauemi irahiko, ngā mōrearea koiora, me ētahi atu, kia taea ai te whakatau me te mahi i ngā mahi e tika ana hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea. Me whakahaere tonu te aromatawai mōrearea me te tirotiro haumaru o te taiwhanga hei tautuhi me te whakaoti i ngā mōrearea me ngā raruraru haumaru ka puta me ngā mea e kitea ana, hei whakahou i ngā tikanga whakahaere haumaru me ngā tikanga whakahaere whakamātautau e tika ana i te wā tika, me te whakapai ake i te taumata haumaru o ngā mahi taiwhanga.

(2)MōreareaMwhakahaereMngā mahiI runga i ngā hua aromatawai mōrearea auau, whakawhanake, whakapai ake, me te whakatinana i ngā mahi whakahaere mōrearea e rite ana, tae atu ki te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro, ngā mahi whakapūngao taiwhanga, ngā mahi whakahaere ohorere taiwhanga, ngā mahere urupare ohorere aituā, me ētahi atu, hei whakarite i te haumaru me te pumau i te wā whakamātautau.

Mā te piripono ki ngā ture, ngā whakaritenga, me ngā paerewa urunga ki te taiwhanga, te whakahaere i te aromatawai me te whakahaere mōrearea whānui o te taiwhanga, me te whakarato mātauranga me te whakangungu haumaru ki ngā kaimahi taiwhanga, ka taea e tātou te whakarite kia haumaru me te tutuki ngā whakaritenga o ngā mahi taiwhanga i ngā mea katoa e taea ana, te tiaki i te hauora o ngā kaimahi taiwhanga, me te whakaiti, te karo rānei i te parahanga o te taiao.

Ⅶ. Whakamutunga

I roto i ngā taiwhanga, i ētahi atu wāhi rānei e hiahia ana kia tino tiakina ngā tauira, he taputapu tino nui ngā pounamu kanapa, ā, he mea nui, he rerekē hoki i roto i ngā whakamātautau.e whakaatu ana i a ia anōnt. Hei tētahi o ngāmatuangā ipu mō te ine i ngā isotopes irahiko, he mea nui te mahi a ngā pounamu kanapa i roto i te rangahau pūtaiao, te umanga rongoā, te aroturuki taiao, me ētahi atu mara. Mai i te irahikote ine i te isotope ki te tirotiro rongoā, ki te raupapatanga DNA me ētahi atu take tono,nā te maha o ngā whakamahinga o ngā pounamu kanapa, koinei tētahi o ngā mea tino paingā taputapu nui i roto i te taiwhanga.

Heoi anō, me mārama anō hoki he mea nui te pumau me te haumaru i roto i te whakamahinga o ngā pounamu kanapa. Mai i te kōwhiringa rauemi ki te hoahoangā āhuatanga, me ngā whakaaro hoki ki ngā tukanga whakaputa, whakamahinga, me te whakakorenga, me aro tātou ki ngā rauemi me ngā tukanga whakaputa e pai ana ki te taiao, tae atu ki ngā paerewa mō te whakahaere haumaru me te whakahaere para. Mā te whakarite i te pumau me te haumaru ka taea ai e tātou te whakamahi katoa i te tūranga whai hua o ngā pounamu kanapa, me te tiaki i te taiao me te hauora o te tangata.

I tētahi atu taha, kei te anga whakamua ngā wero me ngā whai wāhitanga ki te whanaketanga o ngā pounamu whakakoi. I te haere tonu o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, ka taea e tātou te matapae i te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi hou, te whakamahinga o te hoahoa atamai i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha, me te rongonui o te aunoatanga me te mamati, ka whakapai ake i te mahi me te mahi a ngā pounamu whakakoi. Heoi anō, me aro atu hoki tātou ki ngā wero o te oranga tonutanga me te haumaru, pērā i te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi pirau-koiora, te whanaketanga, te whakapai ake, me te whakatinanatanga o ngā aratohu whakahaere haumaru. Mā te wikitoria me te urupare kaha ki ngā wero ka taea e tātou te whakatutuki i te whanaketanga oranga tonutanga o ngā pounamu whakakoi i roto i ngā rangahau pūtaiao me ngā tono ahumahi, me te whai wāhi nui atu ki te ahunga whakamua o te hapori tangata.